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Lithium cell

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Step 1 Electrode Sheet Preparation Furnace: raw active material (Cathode & Anode) Milling Machine: grind & normalize the sintered material Mixer: mix active, conductive, and binder material into slurry under vacuum Coater: apply layer(s) of slurry onto current collector and dry it with an attached heater Rolling Press (calendar): compress the electrode to a desired thickness/density Step 2 Cell Assembly Winding Method Slitting Machine: slit/cut electrode sheet to strips of desired size Ultrasonic Welding Machine: joining of multi-layer electrodes, and/or tabs to collectors Winding Machine: form layers of Anode, Separator, and Cathode into a cell core Short-circuit Detector: test for integrity of the cell Vacuum Oven: remove any moister within the cell Step 3 Case Sealing Spot Welding Machine: allow contact to be made from cell to bottom of case (grounding) Grooving machine: create indent on the neck of case to allow for proper seal (after inserting the cell core) Welding Machin...
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PV Panel recycling technologies

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  Solar power is booming, with millions of metric tons of solar panels being produced each year. A panel has a projected lifespan of about 25 years, which means that today’s new solar farms will go out of service in the late 2040s. Most of the weight in a solar panel, about 75 percent, is glass, aluminum, with 10 percent; wiring in a junction box, at 5 percent; and silicon, with just 3.5 percent. Dedicated recyclers are needed, the authors write, to do a more thorough job of recycling all the components of a panel—including the crystalline silicon in the photovoltaic cells themselves. Silicon wafers account for about half the cost of a panel, as well as over half the energy and carbon footprint of manufacturing a panel. But silicon isn't currently being targeted for recycling much because the recovered silicon isn't pure enough to go straight back to a wafer manufacturer. Studies show that the impurity levels are an important issue during the recycling processes.  Th...
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